History Revisited Essay Example

History Revisited Essay There are three strong similarities between the Salem witch-hunts that appear in The Crucible and the exposing of communists by the McCarthy terror. These three similarities are the accusation of innocent people, the power of Danforth and McCarthy, and the fear of individuals in Salem and in the United States. During the Salem witch trials, one could accuse an innocent person of being a witch without any evidence.As a result, if people denied they were witches, then they were executed.If individuals agreed and confessed they were witches, then they would not be hung.Many people compare these witch trials of Salem to the United States in the 1950s.During this time, Joseph McCarthy was a United States Senator.McCarthy was possibly the strongest anti-Communist in the United States congress.Many people during this time were accused of being communists or even sympathizing for them.As a result, if individuals refused to answer certain questions, then they were treated as if they were gu ilty and were excluded from certain jobs. Danforth and McCarthy were both powerful people of their time.Danforth was the Deputy Governor of Massachusetts.He presided over the witch trials and was just as concerned about maintaining his image as he was about exposing sin. McCarthy was an American politician. He was an incredible person whose mere presence could be overpowering. He held public hearings in which he accused army officials, members of the media, and public figures of being Communists.His charges were never proved and in 1954 the Senate censured him.Due to lack of hard evidence, the hunt for Communists ended abruptly just as the Salem witch trials.McCarthy and Danforth were both overpowering and zealous in their pursuit. The people in Salem, Massachusetts did not feel safe or secure.Fourteen women and five men were hanged.Many people confessed to being witches so they would n

Dna and Nucleotide Chains Essay

Dna and Nucleotide Chains Essay Dna and Nucleotide Chains Essay Chapter 10 Objective Questions 1. Describe the structure and function of DNA. DNA structure is a nucleic acid, meaning it is made up of a chain of nucleotides. Nucleotides are made up of phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogen base. The shape of a DNA is a twisted double helix, with two strands. DNA has 2 nucleotide chains which are like the ladder which are held by covalent bonds which are strong. The sides of the ladder are the alternating phosphate and deoxyribose. DNA is antiparallel so sides run in opposite directions. The rungs of the ladder are the bases. The bases hold the nucleotide chains together by hydrogen bonds from complimentary pairing. The A and T pairing have 2 hydrogen bonds and the C and G pairing have 3 hydrogen bonds. A and G are purines which have two rings which C and T are pyrimidine which have one ring. The function of DNA is to store and transmit genetic information, to control the production of proteins, to make parts of a cell and to reproduce cells. 2. Explain the process of mitosis. Mitosis occurs in 4 phases. The first phase is prophase. In prophase, the condensing chromosomes are visible under a microscope. The nuclear membrane breaks down and stores in the vesicles. Spindle fibers form microtubules in the cytoplasm. The spindle fibers attach to centromere and centriole. Polar spindles extend centriole to centriole. The centrioles move to opposite poles. The second phase is metaphase. Metaphase is when the replicated chromosomes line up in the middle or the equator. The third stage is anaphase. In anaphase the enzyme breaks down the centromere. Then the chromatids separate. The spindle fibers pull the chromatid to the polar region. This makes sure that every cell gets every chromosome. The last phase of mitosis is telophase. The nuclear membrane is reforming in telophase. Also the spindle fibers are disappearing. The chromosomes are uncoiling as well. The cleavage furrow shows the division point of the cell. Then during cytokinesis the cell divides into two. P lant cells have to form a cell plate which is cell wall material carried

Titanic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Titanic - Research Paper Example Broadcast TV shows such as Big Brother, The Simpsons, The View and Family Guy have gained increased popularity over time resulting to unconstructive impacts on the social, political, educational and religious scenes. This essay discusses the negative impacts of Broadcast TV shows by exploring the key areas it touches on. Stereotypes and Prejudices. Broadcast TV shows have been observed to contribute highly in the perpetuation of prejudice and negative stereotypes in the American society (Shaffer 413). Although such shows use this as a form of humor, it has a huge impact on the way society views certain groups of people. Nearly every broadcast TV shows portrays Black males as drug dealers, thugs or criminals. This impacts negatively on the way society view Black males. On the other hand, Muslims are depicted as terrorists which was facilitated by the 9/11 attack. Society is influenced to view them as bad people who are a threat to security. These two examples show how Broadcast TV sho ws promote stereotypes and prejudices in society resulting to tension between racial groups in society. Social Effects. The first social problem arising from watching Broadcast TV shows is lack of originality among the population. People are likely to imitate the TV stars mode of speaking, dressing and personal style which is a common problem among teenagers. Teenagers should strive to seek their own identity and discover their own talents with the help of their parents. This also leads to increased peer pressure as teenagers will strive to dress and act like their friends. Secondly watching TV Broadcast shows leads to the development of anti- social behavior (Clarke 413). This is because individuals tend to spend too much time watching TV and have no time for family, friends or fun activities. Such people tend to be withdrawn and cannot communicate effectively with other members of society. These shows lead to the propagation of negative behavior including violence, crime, premarit al sex and drug abuse. The content aired by these shows has violent scenes that affect the audiences’ thought in a negative way (Gentile 70). Watching these shows has be a major contributing factor to the rising levels of violence mainly among the young people (Gentile 70). Some scenes have been known to encourage drug and alcohol abuse since they illustrate it to be ‘cool’ and highly appealing to the audience. Some of these shows contain sexual scenes that lead to the high occurrence of teenage sex and pregnancies. This is because such shows depict this behavior to be fun and acceptable. Generally speaking, Broadcast television shows provide the wrong idea about certain practices and make them believe that they are totally fine. Watching these shows is highly addictive hence people do it for many hours in a day. Recent studies have revealed that there is a relationship between the length of time that is spent on watching TV and obesity. Watching TV for long hour ’s leads to a sedentary lifestyle since it is an inactive activity that requires minimal physical and mental activity. People are advised to undertake in physical and mental tasks that stimulate their brain and body to ensure mental and physical fitness. These shows contribute to emotional and physical problems linked to self esteem and weight loss (Shaffer 413). TV stars are represented as having perfect body shapes and flawless skin. Women and young people in society are affected by these images and tend to feel

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Reading response - Essay Example Likewise, Hitler understood propaganda as the best medicine to have the masses embrace a particular ideology. Instead of having intellectual propaganda that could only be understood by the intellectually gifted, Hitler believed that the masses are gullible and any effective propaganda had to be in its simplest possible form. However, such propaganda had to have a few, but strong slogans that evoked emotions among the public to elicit the required reactions. Considering the public has limited understanding and would not digest too many materials, Hitler maintained in using a few scale but emotions-evoking points as the best tool for propaganda but with great effectiveness in swaying the public. There have been some cases of propaganda in the United States most of which are related to its foreign ideologies and warfare. For example, a general propaganda was used to justify attacking and dethroning Saddam Hussein from power on the pretext that he had weapons of mass destruction which posed a high risk not only to American citizens, but also to the whole world. Spreading the propaganda created fear attracted support for the U.S and her allies to attack Iraq though nothing of the weapons as claimed was found. Similar propaganda are spread about the possibility of terrorist attacks within American territory to ensure everyone is vigilant in guaranteeing home

Bib 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bib 8 - Essay Example According to the Acts, Peter had to flee from Jerusalem after the threats of persecution by King Agrippa and spent his time henceforth traveling and building churches all over. There is mention of Peter returning to the church in Jerusalem later but not much account has been given of him other than that in the Acts. Peter’s writings indicate that he was on missionary work in the areas of Asia Minor and also in Rome, working with Mark to translate his experiences with Christ and document the teachings and history (Niswonger, 1992). Peter’s ministry was mainly to the Jews. Peter’s First Epistle was written from Rome and addressed to people in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia (Barlee, 1837). The issues raised by Peter mainly comprised the church persecution. Also, Peter detailed his own understanding of apostolic ethic. Peter’s second letter was addressed presumably to the same churches but the topic under discussion was the false teachers in the church. In the final years of his life, Paul saw the killing of his wife, was thrown into the Mamertine prison where he converted his jailers, was subjected to immense torture and was killed in 67AD by Nero (McBirnie). According to the Galatians, apostle John was in Jerusalem in the about 49AD where he rose to a position of great influence in Christianity; shortly after the Roman destruction of Jerusalem, he moved to Ephesus (McBirnie) and stayed till his last years as a leader in the Ephesians church (Niswonger). Here under the Roman king’s decision, John was exiled to an island called Patmos where he was presented with the sacred book of Revelation and he recorded the events in New Testament book of Revelation (McBirnie) along with John’s letters. John addresses the people as the pastor and the apostle in a very personal manner and refers to himself as the ‘elder’. The main subject

Benefits of Water Aerobics

Benefits of Water Aerobics Water Aerobics Introduction: Water aerobics is the execution of aerobic exercise in genuinely shallow water, for example, in a swimming pool. Done basically vertically and without swimming normally in waist profound or more profound water, it is a sort of resistance training. It is a type of aerobic exercise that obliges water immersed members. It is frequently viewed as a low power workout system suitable just for pregnant women or the elderly. On the other hand, it really offers numerous advantages for any wellness level. Water aerobics classes arrive in a variety of arrangements, including step, kickboxing, jujitsu, zumba and yoga. Low Impact: Practicing in water makes you feel around 90 percent lighter, reports the American Council on Exercise. When you hop or keep running in the water, your body does not encounter the same effect that these moves bring about on land. This makes water aerobics a perfect action for those with joint pain, back issues, foot or leg wounds, and knee conditions. Pregnant ladies and the hefty likewise profit by the diminished effect. More Discrete: On the off chance that you discover other gathering exercise classes scaring due to complex choreography or windowed studios, the pool offers some watchfulness. Most moves are performed submerged so just you know whether you missed a stage. Calorie Burn: Expect to burn somewhere around 400 and 500 calories every hour in a water aerobics exercise class, as per the Aquatic Exercise Association. The real sum you smolder will rely on upon your size, the force of your developments, and also water temperature and profundity. All in all, speedier developments fusing the upper and lower body in profound water inspire the best calorie smolder. Strength: At the point when exercising in water, you conflict with 12 times the resistance of air, as indicated by an article distributed in American Fitness in 1996. Just kicking and measuring the water helps add to muscle improvement, which deciphers into a higher digestion system and healthier body. Numerous water high impact exercise classes fuse equipment like water oars, noodles, single or twofold floats, and kickboards to further incite quality increases. Push-ups or triceps plunges performed on the pool deck additionally help construct quality. Swimming: This type of water exercise can increment joint health, cardiovascular health and lower and upper body quality. A cardio workout in swimming is an incredible approach into working out, particularly on the off chance that you are searching for the low affect high impact movement. Swimming assists with general emotional and pulse wellbeing and unwinding. Vertical Exercise: Not at all like swimming, has vertical exercise tried to boost resistance, which brings about a center test. Therefore, it is simpler to keep those frightful midlife inches from amassing in the region where they add to breakdown metabolic and all the related infections. Water can even enhance and keep up equalization as it empties spine. This exercise type can assuage the tear and wear of joints and support you stay fit. Water Aerobics Is not Just For Elderly and the Sick: Water aerobics stimulating exercise is for everybody, particularly athletes who are preparing for a apprehension or marathon getting harmed while preparing. Lubrano prescribes for marathon runners to incorporate some running water sessions in your workout. Water based exercises can build an adaptability in mans and support anticipate wounds. Water Aerobics Help to Live Longer and Stay Fit: The reports of United States Census Bureau is amid in 2009, there were 301 million visits of swimming every year by the Americans who were beyond the six years old. Swimming positioned as the fourth most prominent games based movement in the country can lessen the occurrence of interminable ailments with more than about two hours a week, says the Unites States. Division of Health and Human Services. Water aerobics exercise is simple on joints and even can build muscle quality and continuance because of the waters inherent resistance. This type of exercise is favored by numerous rather than the more conventional form of wellness, such as exercise center, on the grounds that weight does not pull the people down same way a general workout would. Subsequently, a man can exercise longer on water than ashore without exertion additional or joint and muscle torment that regularly goes with a consistent exercise routine due to its low effect. Anti-Aging: It may not assist with wrinkles or snicker lines, but rather swimming has been indicated to cut the danger of death by about 50 percent. As per a study done by Dr. Steven Blair, Swimmers have the most minimal passing rate. The study was throughout the span of 32 years. The examination group took after 40,000 men, running from 20 to 90 years of age and found that the individuals who swam had a 50 percent lower passing rate than walkers, runners or men who got no exercise. Flexibility: Water is the best mediums in which to expand adaptability. A few rheumatologists prescribe swimming to build a mans scope of movement as well as help to increment physical action without bringing about weight on the bodys joints. Asthma Symptoms: Swimming, in the same way as other high aerobic exercises, builds your lung limit; it compels your body to work extra minutes. Since water is denser than the air, lungs need to work that much harder to the supply enough oxygen to the blood, giving lungs a decent workout and subsequently diminishing asthma indications. As per a study done at The Nutrition Center and Childrens Exercise at McMaster University, Swimming as a preparation methodology has clear advantages for the patient with asthma. These incorporate an increment in oxygen consuming wellness and a decline in asthma dreariness. Lowers Diabetes Risk: By practicing routinely, youre diminishing your blood glucose levels. Aerobic exercise and resistance preparing, alone or in blend, enhances glucose control in patients with sort 2 diabetes. It Improves Mental Health: As indicated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, water based exercise enhances psychological wellbeing. Swimming can enhance the disposition in the both men and ladies. For people with fibromyalgia, it can be diminish uneasiness, and exercise treatment in warm water can diminish melancholy and enhance temperament. Water based exercise can enhance strength of the moms and their unborn youngsters. Individuals with sort 2 diabetes likewise have an expanded danger for coronary illness. In this way, keeping up their heart wellbeing and weight is a vital component for diabetes upkeep. In a study done by Leiden University Medical Center, a six month exercise arrangement with patients who have sort 2 diabetes was indicated to reduction cardiovascular danger components. Lose Weight: Swimming for 60 minutes can blaze upwards of 500 calories. It lives up to expectations each body part and muscle without creating strain on the body. Water additionally has more prominent resistance than air, which means strolling in water requires more exertion and at last smolders a greater number of calories than strolling ashore. Members lost a higher muscle to fat ratio utilizing submerged treadmill contrasted with area based treadmill. Security of the water: on the off chance that you despise the thought of bouncing around a room loaded with individuals in tight workout clothes, practicing submerged is an awesome option. 90% of members favored oceanic exercise contrasted with conventional area based exercise. Good for Pregnant Women: Practicing while pregnant is useful for the hopeful mother, as well as useful for the unborn child. Water exercises include no effect, overheating is impossible, and swimming face down elevates ideal blood stream to the uterus. BUOYANCY: The upward push applied by water on a body, which acts the other way of the power of gravity. Waters buoyancy essentially wipes out the impacts of gravity supporting 90 percent of the bodys weight for lessened effect and more noteworthy adaptability. For instance, a 140 lbs (63kg) man weighs just 14 lbs (6 kg) in the water. Water goes about as a pad for the bodys weight bearing joints, lessening weight on muscles, tendons and ligaments. Thus, aquatic workouts are low effect and can significantly diminish the damage and strain normal to most land based exercises. RESISTANCE: Because of viscosity, drag powers and frontal resistance, water gives a resistance which is relative to the exertion applied against it. Resistance in water ranges somewhere around 4 and 42 times more noteworthy than in air relying upon the rate of development. This makes water a characteristic and immediately flexible weight preparing machine. Not at all like most land based exercise, water gives imperviousness to the development in all bearings, which permits these headings be utilized as a part of the reinforcing procedure. Waters resistance can be expanded with pace and/or surface region, and the resistance is relative to the exertion needed to move against it. With the expansion of water wellness hardware, for example, lightness belt, webbed gloves, buoys and foot-product, resistance is expanded to reinforce and tone muscles H2O HEART RATE: The interesting properties of water empower your heart to work all the more proficiently. The hydrostatic weight of water pushes just as on all body surfaces and helps the heart course blood by helping venous return. This help to the heart represents lower pulse and heart rates, amid profound water exercise versus comparable efforts ashore. Hence, your heart rate is an expected 10 to 15 pulsates lower every moment amid suspended water exercise than for the same exertion connected on land. TREADMILL: Having the capacity to speedily come back to exercise taking after harm or an operation is significant and valuable to a speedier recuperation. Water empowers the arrival to exercise snappier than ashore. A mix of treadmill buoyancy movement permits people to walk or keep running at an adjusted and agreeable level taking strain stretch off burden bearing joints whilst profiting from the aerobic action. Hydrostatic weight, resistance and water temperature all add to building up muscle and quality in a sheltered domain. The treadmill rate extent is up to 15kph and can be controlled from inside or out of the pool. The treadmill might likewise be worked dry. Rehabilitation Water Exercises: Water rehabilitation exercise permits you to exercise and restore yourself without the shocking and infrequently agonizing background of practicing on dry area. The buoyancy of water permits you to perform exercise without a huge effect on your body, as indicated by The Stretching Institute. Water restoration exercises permit you to keep up you wellness levels and recuperate from your damage. In any case, dependably counsel your specialist before starting water restoration exercise. WALKING: Walking in water that is midsection high will help you to keep up your wellness levels and also mend harm. Water walking can be utilized for spine and lower limit wounds and joint inflammation. Walking forward and in reverse can help enhance your condition without focusing on your joints. For an included test, swing your arms or utilization water weights while you walk. Walk in the water for 20 to 30 minutes on end. SHOULDER FLEXION AND ABDUCTION: Performing arm achieves while in water can help with the scope of movement in your shoulders. Sit on the base stride to a pool or stand so water is simply over your level of shoulder. For flexion, raise straight up arms out of pool as high as you conceivably can. Gradually bring down your arms over into the water and rehash. Complete one arrangement of 10 redundancies. For kidnapping moving your arms far from midpoint of the body position arms at the sides. Gradually raise your arms with your palms down far from your body. Raise your arms to your shoulder level. Gradually bring down your arms and rehash. Complete one arrangement of 10 reiterations. LEG RAISES: This exercise can help to fortify the muscles in your legs, lower back and hips. Perform this exercise while clutching the side of a pool. For your right leg, stand with the left side confronting the pool divider. Utilize your left hand to clutch the side of the pool. Your knees ought to be somewhat twisted. Gradually swing right leg out to side. Hold it for a few moments. Bring down your leg and rehash. Complete one arrangement of 10 reiterations. Unwind and rehash with your left leg. SUPERMAN: The exercise extends your shoulder and back muscles. Advance toward water that is give or take midsection profound. Clutch the side of pool with the both hands. Your feet ought to be planted immovably on the base of the pool. Gradually push your feet far from the base of the pool. Your whole body will now be skimming on the highest point of the water. Develop your arms so that the elbows are straight. Legs ought to be stretched out also. Right now, you ought to look like superman. Hold this stance for 10 to 20 seconds. Gradually lower yourself back to the beginning position. Rehash one arrangement of five reiterations of this exercise.

William Wordsworth Essay -- Poet Poetry Wordsworth Papers

William Wordsworth William Wordsworth was born April 7, 1770, at Cockermouth in Cumberland, England. His poetry, and especially his poems on solitude, must have been heavily influenced by the death of his mother and the splitting up of his family when he was only eight (Kilvert 1). At that time, fate sent him to live in Hawkshead, England, where his teacher started him writing poetry. Wordsworth got his higher education at Cambridge, his memories of which play a part in his later poetry (Noyes 201). Fate again stepped in when, as a young man, he received an inheritance, which gave him the freedom to study literature. One might guess that this is when he first became part of the Romantic movement, (Pinion, 21). The poetry of William Wordsworth beautifully displays the characteristic themes of English Romanticism. Wordsworth's poems express basic feelings and soaring emotions, idealize the simplicity of rural life, portray the glories of nature, and give flight to the imagination, with bold symbols, colorful imagery and high ideals. It is perhaps, the simple expression of feelings which most clearly underlies Romanticism (Pinion 22). Nowhere is raw, uncomplicated feeling better put in words than in Wordsworth's poems. There developed what has been called his "visionary imagination." His collections of poetry include "Lyrical Ballads," "The Prelude," and "The Excursion." The beautiful poetry of Wordsworth is a good example of English Romanticism. Four characteristics of romantic poetry are: putting strong feelings into words (Abrams,145); using the power of imagination (Pinion, 142ff); showing the joy of solitude (Abrams, 74); and giving a sense of the supernatural or the strange (Bush, 44). I have chosen to discuss a poem ... ...ur past happiness, rather than feeling sad. Happy memories make being alone a joy. We have only to close our eyes and think of the most beautiful sights we have ever seen. It is noteworthy that the golden daffodils are seen as gleeful and are "jocund company." They bring joy and happiness to the lonely poet, and it is the happiness that he remembers. With the gift of memory, his heart may even "dance" with the flowers. Now, his solitude is not just bearable, but full of pleasure. Thus, Wordsworth's poems show characteristics of romantic poetry, in general. Two of the themes almost come together into one-- the joy of solitude and the power of imagination. The third theme of the super natural gives a strange quality to some of the poems. However, the fourth theme, the strong expression of feeling, is most important and, in a way, includes all of the other themes.

Education of First Nations of Canada Essay

It has been observed that education on the First Nations have been a problem in the academe because of low academic performance, high attrition, poor retention, weak persistence and many more negative feedbacks. It is the purpose of the researcher to investigate on this problem. It is important that in the education of people the four R’s must be present and observed. The four R’s are respect, relevance, reciprocity, and responsibility. If the First Nations are seen to have been under-represented in Colleges and Universities, it might be that the four R’s have never been taken into serious consideration in dealing with the First Nations of Canada. This research then intends to review literature and earlier studies to find out about the history of the education of the First Nations of Canada. It shall visit the University of Calgary sites to observe and document through pictures the structure of the academic environment that brought about the education of the First nations which has caused a lot of frustrations not only in the education sector but also in the business world. The field project is relevant as it shall give a first hand information to the researcher and it shall provide the opportunity to draw objective and reliable conclusion as regards to the kind of education the First Nations of Canada have. Reference: Alaska Native Knowledge Network. (2008). First nations of Canada. Retrieved, June 9, 2009 from http://www. ankn. uaf. edu/IEW/firstnat. html

Joseon Dynasty - Ancient Korean History

Joseon Dynasty - Ancient Korean History The Joseon Dynasty ruled over a united Korean Peninsula for more than 500 years, from the fall of the Goryeo Dynasty in 1392 through the Japanese Occupation of 1910. The cultural innovations and achievements of Koreas last dynasty continue to influence society in modern-day Korea. Founding The 400-year-old Goryeo Dynasty was in decline by the late 14th century, weakened by internal power struggles and nominal occupation by the similarly moribund Mongol Empire. A wily army general, Yi Seong-gye, was sent to invade Manchuria in 1388. Instead, he turned back toward the capital, smashing the troops of rival General Choe Yeong, and deposing the Goryeo King U. General Yi didnt take power immediately; he ruled through Goryeo puppets from 1389 to 1392. Dissatisfied with this arrangement, Yi had King U and his 8-year-old son King Chang executed. In 1392, General Yi took the throne and the name King Taejo. Consolidation of Power For the first few years of Taejos rule, dissatisfied nobles still loyal to the Goryeo kings regularly threatened to mutiny. To shore up his power, Taejo declared himself the founder of the Kingdom of Great Joseon, and wiped out rebellious members of the old dynastys clan. King Taejo also signaled a fresh start by moving the capital from Gaegyeong to a new city at Hanyang. This city was called Hanseong, but it later became known as Seoul. The Joseon king built architectural wonders in the new capital, including the Gyeongbuk Palace, completed in 1395, and the Changdeok Palace (1405). Taejo ruled until 1408. Flowering Under King Sejong The young Joseon Dynasty endured political intrigues including the Strife of the Princes, in which Taejos sons fought for the throne. In 1401, Joseon Korea became a tributary of Ming China. Joseon culture and power reached a new pinnacle under Taejos great-grandson, King Sejong the Great (r. 1418–1450). Sejong was so wise, even as a young boy, that his two older brothers stepped aside so he could be king. Sejong is best known for inventing the Korean script, hangul, which is phonetic and much easier to learn than Chinese characters. He also revolutionized agriculture and sponsored the invention of the rain gauge and sundial. First Japanese Invasions: In 1592 and 1597, the Japanese under Toyotomi Hideyoshi used their samurai army to attack Joseon Korea. The ultimate goal was to conquer Ming China. Japanese ships, armed with Portuguese cannons, captured Pyongyang and Hanseong (Seoul). The victorious Japanese cut off the ears and noses of more than 38,000 Korean victims. Korean slaves rose up against their masters to join the invaders, burning down Gyungbokgung. Joseon was saved by Admiral Yi Sun-sin, who ordered the construction of turtle ships, the worlds first ironclads. Admiral Yis victory at the Battle of Hansan-do cut the Japanese supply line and forced Hideyoshis retreat. Manchu Invasions: Joseon Korea became increasingly isolationist after defeating Japan. The Ming Dynasty in China also was weakened by the effort of fighting off the Japanese, and soon fell to the Manchus, who established the Qing Dynasty. Korea had supported the Ming and chose not to pay tribute to the new Manchurian dynasty. In 1627, the Manchu leader Huang Taiji attacked Korea. Worried about revolt within China, though, the Qing withdrew after taking a Korean prince hostage. The Manchus attacked again in 1637 and laid waste to northern and central Korea. Joseons rulers had to submit to a tributary relationship with Qing China. Decline and Rebellion Throughout the 19th century, Japan and Qing China vied for power in East Asia. In 1882, Korean soldiers angry about late pay and dirty rice rose up, killed a Japanese military advisor, and burned down the Japanese legation. As a result of this Imo Rebellion, both Japan and China increased their presence in Korea. The 1894 Donghak peasant rebellion provided both China and Japan an excuse to send large numbers of troops to Korea. The First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) was fought mainly on Korean soil and ended in defeat for the Qing. Japan took control of Koreas land and natural resources through the end of World War II. Korean Empire (1897–1910) Chinas hegemony over Korea ended with its defeat in the first Sino-Japanese War. The Joseon Kingdom was renamed The Korean Empire, but in fact, it had fallen under Japanese control. When Korean Emperor Gojong sent an emissary to The Hauge in June 1907 to protest Japans aggressive posture, the Japanese Resident-General in Korea forced the monarch to abdicate his throne. Japan installed its own officials in the executive and judicial branches of the Korean Imperial government, disbanded the Korean military, and gained control of the police and prisons. Soon, Korea would become Japanese in name as well as in fact. Japanese Occupation / Joseon Dynasty Falls In 1910, the Joseon Dynasty fell, and Japan formally occupied the Korean Peninsula. According to the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty of 1910, the Emperor of Korea ceded all his authority to the Emperor of Japan. The last Joseon Emperor, Yung-hui, refused to sign the treaty, but the Japanese forced Prime Minister Lee Wan-Yong to sign in the Emperors stead. The Japanese ruled Korea for the next 35 years until the Japanese surrendered to the Allied Forces at the end of World War II.

Western Europe Still Reliant on The US to Provide Security †Government Essay

Western Europe Still Reliant on The US to Provide Security – Government Essay Free Online Research Papers Western Europe Still Reliant on The US to Provide Security Government Essay Between the end of the Second World War and the collapse of the USSR in 1990 the United States was Europe’s security guarantor. The principle institution for providing security for Europe against the hostile states of the Warsaw Pact was NATO. Established in 1949, NATO provided a collective security arrangement for the states of Western Europe against the Soviet threat (Reynolds 2000: 117). The principle source of strength in NATO and the ultimate guarantor of security was United States; which possessed the world’s largest economy and nuclear arsenal as well as a huge level of conventional forces. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 though the US has found itself lacking a clear role as it did in the Cold War, consequently so has NATO. Issues surrounding NATO’s role have been further clouded since 1990 by the ever increasing levels of European integration, especially as the EU attempts to develop its Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). Some have argued that NATO has become little more than an â€Å"American protectorate for Europe† (Calleo in Duke 2000: 175). Traditionally, the US and Europe had been tied by four main features. The first is the strong economic ties between the two. The EU and the US are each others largest source of direct investment as well as being very important trading partners (Duke 2000: 183). Secondly is an appreciation of shared cultural and political values and a shared history. Thirdly is the US’ belief in its moral responsibility to ensure peace in Europe, for both political and moral reasons. Fourthly, as a combination of all these factors there is a strong political will in the US, both at the public and governmental level for supporting close ties to Europe (Geipel 1999: pp230-240). These arguments all make the case for US involvement in European affairs and there have been very few calls in the US to stop seeing Europe as a vital strategic interest (Howorth 2000: 64). Powerful figures in the US have consistently argued that it is in the continuing self-interest of the US to have an active role in European security. Sloan (2000 passim) identifies three broad schools of thought in the US regarding involvement in European security. The first is the â€Å"traditionalist† who see a strong EU as important to maintaining a transatlantic community based on mutual values and friendship. The second, the â€Å"domestic interests†, sees the EU as working with the US to benefit US domestic interests, for example by bearing a bigger burden for its own defence. The final school, â€Å"US security interests† sees developments in the EU as weakening US national security and that the US must act in order to preserve its influence in Europe. These traditional views have been challenged by some in the US since 9/11 and especially since the Second Gulf War as the US moves towards a more unilateralist stance. The development of the CFSP Proposals for the CFSP for the EU were initiated in the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 and were further developed in the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam which developed the relationship between the civilian community of the EU and the security community of the Western European Union. The idea was for the EU to play the role of the apocryphal phone whose non-existence Kissinger bemoaned. The ultimate aim was to have the EU acting as a single security actor in the international arena with a single foreign policy. The lack of European involvement and action in the latest Balkans crisis of 1998/9 highlighted how the military weakness and cohesiveness of the EU had not improved much since the EU’s failure to do anything decisive in the Bosnian war of 1995. Although operations in Kosovo were under NATO, they were only nominally so; the US conducted 90% of all air-strikes (Mawdsley Quille 2004: 10). This was the second time the EU had failed to resolve a crisis in its own backyard and set the scene for the first moves towards the creation of a European military force at the St. Malo conference in 1998. The St. Malo summit created the grounds for compromise and since then the French and British have worked better together in relation to CFSP (Menon Lipkin 2003: 4). The two states adopted the â€Å"Headline Goal† that the EU should aim to develop the European Security and Defence Policy, which should develop the capacity for †¦ autonomous action, backed up by credible military forces, the means to decide to use them, and a readiness to do so. (ibid. p11). As with many other aspects of the EU, this process was complicated by differences between the two states. France wanted to give the EU greater autonomy with relation to security, whereas Britain remained in favour of an Atlantacist position that kept strong relations with the US (Deighton 2002: 125). At the Helsinki European Council meeting in 1999 member states agreed upon the need to create a standing military force (ERFF). The ERFF would be capable of responding to significant humanitarian, peacekeeping or crisis-management operations; the so-called Petersberg tasks (Howorth 2000: 37). This started the first moves towards giving the EU â€Å"teeth† and was a marked shift from it being a purely civilian power into one with a military aspect. This has provoked divisions in the EU regarding the CFSP over which aspects of security member states believe the EU should adopt. Whilst Britain and France wanted the EU to have greater military capabilities, the traditional hard conception of security, other states such as Sweden argue that there should be more a focus on more normative soft aspects of security (Menon 2003: 636). This cleavage came to the forefront with the invasion of Afghanistan in October 2001. The EU was divided between members who gave military support to the US, such as Britain and France, and the neutral states who did not, such as Sweden and Ireland (Maggorie 2003). More significantly is the issue of compatibility between NATO and the ESDP (Deighton 2002: 720). Problems between NATO and the EU started to develop in the mid-nineties with the NATO proposal for developing a European Security and Defence Identity (ESDI) within the structures of NATO. This aimed at giving the European states more autonomy and responsibility for resolving Europeans, while at the same time allowing the US to maintain an important role in Europe. However, it has not been developed to any great extent and appears to have fallen by the wayside as the EU states move towards developing the ESDP (NekraÃ… ¡as 2003: 2). The US now appears to be more willing to accept ESDP, partly due to NATO enlargement which as given the US increased influence over the continent. It is also worth noting that many of the new NATO and EU member states have a much more Atlantacist than a European stance, for example the Prime Minister of Poland made comments in 2003 to the effect of claiming that only NATO could guarantee Poland’s security (Menon 2003: 635). The EU is still far from achieving absolute independence in relation to security. Apart from the reasons above, namely the divisions in the EU and between the US/EU regarding the CFSP/ESDP, there are two other important factors. Firstly, in comparison to the US it spends a pittance on defence; $152.9bn in 2000 compared to the US’ $294.7bn (Howorth 2002: 10). Secondly the US still has most of the political power. For example when the EU wished to take over NATO operations in Macedonia it was kept waiting for months while NATO, i.e. the US deliberated over whether to allow this (ibid. p11). By 2001/2 the UK, France and Germany were all much more committed to pursuing the EDSP and moved towards a formalisation of relations between the EU and NATO (Menon 2004: 643). This signified a shift away from trying to develop the ESDI within the structure of NATO. NekraÃ… ¡as (2003: 2) attributes this to recognition by the EU that military forces are not needed for preservation of their territorial integrity, but to tackle smaller scale problems as they arise and a realist view that it would be unwise to constantly rely on the US. Eventually by 2002 the EU and NATO signed an agreement formalising their partnership and the first EU mission was announced in June. In April 2003 the EU undertook its first, though somewhat limited, military mission. The mission, known as â€Å"Concordia† was to take over from NATO peacekeeping troops in the FYR Macedonia. The aim of the mission was to symbolise that the EU was developing a military capacity and to provide the first step in implementing the EDSP (Felà ­cio 2003: 1). Despite this though, old tensions and concerns were apparent both before and throughout the mission. The main archeitech of the EU force going to Macedonia was France, however the British were against sending an EU force to Macedonia in case the situation should escalate for some reason, in which case NATO forces would be needed (Menon 2003: 636). The difficulties in developing the ESDP were especially highlighted by the divisions caused both transatlantically and internally in Europe by the Iraq War. The divisions in the EU were generally between the Atlanticist and European looking states; Britain, Poland, the Czech Republic and Italy on one side and France and Germany on the other (Menon 2003: 635). In addition to the divisions created by the war in Europe there was also a question of whether NATO was still needed in the post-9/11 world. The US’ shift away from using fixed bodies such as NATO and the UN towards â€Å"coalitions of the willing† as happened in both Afghanistan and Iraq, suggests that even the US may no longer see NATO as the primary instrument through which to carry out foreign policy (Howorth 2003: 236). If NATO were to be disbanded then it would be interesting to see whether the EDSP will be accelerated as a result of the need for collective security, or whether it will become increasingly difficult as the system looses the stabilising effect of US hegemony. Theoretically the success of the EU appears to have proven the strengths of both neo-liberal institutionalism and neo-realism (Baylis 1999: 21). The neo-liberal institutionalists (e.g. Keohane 1986) can point to how closer integration between member states over 50 years has made war near impossible, whilst the neo-realists (e.g. Waltz 1979) can point to the difficulties surrounding ESDP as demonstrating how state’s will act in the national interest with regards to national security matters (Christiansen 2001: 508). Given the range and number of cleavages present in the EU, especially following enlargement, it is likely to become increasingly difficult to develop the CFSP/ESDC. The increased number of member states in the EU will make it increasingly difficult to address collective action problems such as the CFSP. Despite the above problems and developments in the ESDP it is still early days for the idea of the ESDP/ERRF. Currently the US is still very much in a hegemonic position, demonstrated by its strength in both Afghanistan and Iraq. The divisions apparent over such a relatively small scale operation as Concordia highlight the difficulties that lie ahead for ESDP. When considering how long it has taken the EU states to agree on many less important and emotion factors than national defence, it is hard to be optimistic about the ERRF/EDSP coming into existence any time soon. Until the EU has developed a working and tested ERFF it is likely that in any other future crises in Europe that the US will be required for effective action. Bibliography Books Duke, S. (2000) The Elusive Quest for European Security: From EDC to CFSP (St Anthony’s: Oxford) Keohane, R. (1986) Neorealism and its Critics (Columbia University Press: New York) Waltz, K. (1979) Theory of International Politics (McGraw-Hill Education: New York) Reynolds, D. (2000) One World Divisible: a Global History Since 1945 (Penguin: London) Smith, M. (2004) Europe’s Foreign and Security Policy: The Institutionalization of Cooperation (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge) Edited Books Baylis, J. (1999) â€Å"â€Å"Logic of Anarchy† and â€Å"Logic of Community†Ã¢â‚¬  in Hodge, C. ed. (1999) Redefining European Security (Garland Publishing: London) Christiansen, T. (2001) â€Å"European and Regional Integration† in Baylis, J. Smith, S. eds. The Globalization of World Politics 2nd ed. (Oxford University Press: Oxford) pp494-519 Deighton, A. (2003) â€Å"The European Security and Defence Policy† in Weiler, J., Begg, J. Peterson, J. eds. (2003) Integration in an Expanding European Union: Reassessing the Fundamentals (Oxford: Blackwell) pp. 275-293. Giepel, G. (1999) â€Å"The Future of American Atlantacism† in Hodge, C. (1999) ed. Redefining European Security (Garland: London) Journal Articles Ball, C. (1998) â€Å"Nattering NATO Negativism? Reasons why expansion may be a good thing† Review of International Studies Vol.24; pp43-67 Cornish, P. Edwards, G. (2001) â€Å"Beyond the EU/NATO dichotomy: the beginnings of a European strategic culture† International Affairs Vol.77:3; pp587-603 Deighton, A. (2002) â€Å"The Eleventh of September and Beyond: NATO† The Political Quarterly Vol.73:1; pp119-138 Howorth, J. (2003) â€Å"ESDP and NATO: Wedlock or Deadlock?† Journal of the Nordic International Studies Association Vol.38:3; pp235-254 Menon, A. (2004) â€Å"From Crisis to Catharsis: ESDP after Iraq† International Affairs Vol.80:4; pp631-638 Online Sources Felicio, T. (2003) â€Å"EU’s Mission in Macedonia1 – Milestone for EU’s ESDP or Proof of EU’s Dependence on its Transatlantic Partners?† ciari.org/investigacao/EU_mission_macedonia.pdf (Centro de Investigaà §o e Anise em Relaà §Ãƒ µes Internacionais) Heisbourg, F. (2000) Chaillot Paper #42 â€Å"European defence: making it work† iss-eu.org/chaillot/chai42e.pdf (Institute for Security Studies, Western European Union) Howorth, J. (2000) Chaillot Paper # 43 â€Å"European integration and defence: the ultimate challenge†? iss-eu.org/chaillot/chai43e.pdf (Institute for Security Studies, Western European Union) NekraÃ… ¡as, E. (2003) EU Enlargement and the Baltic Sea Region ui.se/balticsea_programme.pdf (Swedish Institute of International Affairs) Payne, K. (2003) â€Å"The European Security and Defence Policy and NATO† nato.int/acad/fellow/01-03/payne.pdf (NATO Research Fellowships) Sloan, S. (2000) Chaillot Paper # 39 â€Å"The United States and European Defence† iss-eu.org/chaillot/chai39e.pdf (Institute for Security Studies, Western European Union) Spinant, D. (2000) â€Å"NATO Enlargements: Towards a Pan-European Security System?† nato.int/acad/fellow/98-00/spinant.pdf (NATO Research Fellowships) Van Eekelen, W. (2000) â€Å"Interim Report: Building European Defence: NATOs ESDI and the European Unions ESDP† nato-pa.int/archivedpub/comrep/2000/at-247-e.asp (NATO Parliamentary Assembly) Research Papers on Western Europe Still Reliant on The US to Provide Security - Government EssayAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeDefinition of Export QuotasHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPETSTEL analysis of IndiaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Personal Visual Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Visual Narrative - Essay Example There are various forms of visual rhetoric that we encounter every day. Some of these are very obvious and include arts accompanied with images. Visual rhetoric is a form of art where there is an image of the subject accompanied by some texts to deliver information to viewers. An example is a photo of a sports care and a lady that is accompanied by the writing â€Å"all a man wants.† This form of visual rhetoric is easy to understand. If one does not get the idea on the picture, then the accompanying text will explain. These images are very simple to understand. The subject matter of these images is put in a central position. The advertisers make the subject photo be easily noticeable in order or viewers to understand. The text in the photo also explains the subject in a simple and clear manner. Such kinds of images are the most common forms of visual rhetoric (86). Other visual rhetorics are very difficult to understand. Such examples include semiotics or signs and are difficult to understand because one needs to comprehend the product first.Also, semiotics and signs come in three kinds as an icon, index or symbol. If one does not know the objective of the business, it is difficult to understand. A good example is the banks that use signs or symbols to advertise. This form of advertisement is meant to appeal to the logos of the customers. The colors used are meant to explain something to the customer (p 101). At the same time, the signs are brief and do not have any explaining text accompanying them. Some of the most unexpected visual rhetoric’s I found were pie charts and graphs. These are not popular form of visual rhetoric but, they are still found in magazines and newspapers. These charts are used to compare the business against its competitors. The pie charts and graphs show diverse aspect of performance and define the pros and cons of a

Andrew Marvell and Oliver Cromwell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Andrew Marvell and Oliver Cromwell - Essay Example His sympathies were on the whole royalist and aristocratic but he felt great admiration for Oliver Cromwell the Lord Protector of England who came to power after deposing Charles I. Milton's impunity at the Restoration was largely due to Marvell's influence and exertions. Very few of Marvell's poems were published during his lifetime. Most of his poems appeared posthumously in 1681. His satires were published only in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution. Marvell's best poems were written in the early 1650s. He used to be considered as a typical love poet who wrote in the metaphysical strain. But Marvell displays curious traits which set him apart from the usual poets who wrote of love. Marvell though a poet of wit, love and fancy strangely though not without reason professes admiration for Puritan ideals. "Marvell strangely enough was a Puritan __an admirer of Cromwell, a devote reader of the bible, a supporter of the joyless regime whose spirit is to unlike that of his verse" (Wilson 136).But this ambiguity is not surprising when one considers the turmoil and political upheavals of Marvell's time. In August 1642, the long standing quarrel between Charles I, and the Parliamentarians or Roundheads involving political, religious and constitutional matters, broke up into open hostilities. In the battles that followed, Oliver Cromwell soon proved himself to be the most powerful candidate the Parliamentarians had. In spite of oppositions among his own people Cromwell assumed the position of the Lord Protector of England. In 1647, Cromwell organized the New Model army which inflicted a crushing defeat upon the royal army. Charles surrendered to his Scottish subjects who later turned him over to England in 1647. It is surprising to note the different strains of thought which coloured Marvell's poetic output. In his poems from the Horatian Ode Upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland e onwards the one finds his admiration for Cromwell increasing. The way in which Marvell's perception of Cromwell changed is an indication of the difficulty of the choices of political allegiances facing an alert and sensitive mind of a poet who had political aspirations himself. In the Horatian Ode the Marvell we meet is a troubled man torn between divided loyalties. The title refers to Cromwell's return from Ireland which took place in May 1650. The poem welcomes Cromwell home from his conquest of Ireland, looking forward to his campaign against the Scots. Since Cromwell returned from Ireland in May 1650, and entered Scotland on July 22 of the same year, the poem therefore, was probably written in the early summer of 1650.The poem contrasts two political figures, the ceremonial Charles I and the military Cromwell. I t expresses a deep sense of loss in the passing away of ceremony and ritual with the beheading of the king. A dichotomy is seen in the thoughts and emotions of Marvell the lyric poet and Marvell the Parliamentarian. The Puritan revolution, the new science and modern liberalism were all seen as disrupting an older unified world view in which poetry had a favoured place. In this poem Marvell's attitude towards Cromwell is at best ambivalent. While he shrinks from certain elements in Cromwell's personality and government the poem concludes with a balanced view of his administration. The Ode in two parts celebrates Cromwell